Energy poverty secondary indicators
Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status – EU-SILC survey
Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status: total (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 10.6 | 11.0 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 0.99 |
| Denmark | 18.5 | 16.7 | 17.9 | 15.6 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 15.6 | 14.1 | 15.9 | 15.6 | 1.40 |
| Spain | 10.0 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 0.93 |
| EU | 11.4 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 0.54 | |
| Italy | 8.7 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 0.46 | |
| Slovenia | 4.7 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 0.77 |
| United Kingdom | 16.4 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 15.1 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 3.13 |
Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status: owner, with mortgage or loan (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.38 | |||
| Denmark | 3.6 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0.59 | |||
| Spain | 12.0 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 1.45 | |||
| European Union | 12.9 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 2.08 | ||||
| Italy | 16.2 | 14.7 | 11.3 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 3.67 | ||||
| Slovenia | 10.3 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 2.50 | |||
| United Kingdom | 9.9 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 1.68 |
Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status: owner, with no outstanding mortgage or loan (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 2.4 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.78 |
| Denmark | 9.1 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 1.69 |
| Spain | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.36 |
| EU | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 0.58 | |
| Italy | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.37 | |
| Slovenia | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.36 |
| United Kingdom | 9.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 7.0 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 2.53 |
Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status: tenant, rent at market price (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 38.1 | 37.2 | 34.0 | 38.1 | 33.7 | 36.0 | 34.9 | 34.8 | 30.5 | 29.4 | 34.7 | 34.8 | 2.95 |
| Denmark | 35.4 | 34.7 | 37.1 | 32.9 | 31.9 | 31.6 | 31.7 | 28.9 | 30.7 | 25.2 | 32.0 | 31.8 | 3.39 |
| Spain | 42.7 | 44.7 | 42.3 | 47.5 | 43.3 | 43.0 | 42.1 | 38.1 | 37.4 | 35.9 | 41.7 | 42.5 | 3.55 |
| EU | 26.8 | 25.8 | 25.9 | 28.0 | 27.7 | 28.0 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 26.3 | 26.9 | 26.8 | 0.86 | |
| Italy | 34.6 | 34.2 | 34.2 | 32.4 | 32.7 | 32.2 | 28.2 | 29.1 | 29.2 | 31.9 | 32.4 | 2.44 | |
| Slovenia | 18.3 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 27.4 | 25.9 | 29.0 | 24.3 | 21.7 | 19.4 | 18.6 | 23.7 | 25.1 | 3.91 |
| United Kingdom | 45.0 | 23.8 | 25.3 | 34.6 | 37.1 | 35.4 | 38.6 | 37.7 | 34.7 | 36.3 | 7.01 |
Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status: tenant, rent at reduced price or free (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 14.9 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 13.8 | 1.45 |
| Denmark | 33.8 | 26.1 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 5.44 | ||||||||
| Spain | 7.7 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 1.60 |
| EU | 13.7 | 11.6 | 10.9 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 13.9 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 1.12 | |
| Italy | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 1.18 | |
| Slovenia | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 1.10 |
| United Kingdom | 23.9 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 16.0 | 15.2 | 16.2 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 5.73 |
Material and social deprivation rate
Material and social deprivation rate (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.38 | |||
| Denmark | 3.6 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0.59 | |||
| Spain | 12.0 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 1.45 | |||
| European Union | 12.9 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 2.08 | ||||
| Italy | 16.2 | 14.7 | 11.3 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 3.67 | ||||
| Slovenia | 10.3 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 2.50 | |||
| United Kingdom | 9.9 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 1.68 |
Overcrowding rate by tenure status – total population – EU-SILC survey [ilc_lvho05c]
Overcrowding rate by tenure status: owner, with mortgage or loan (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.75 |
| Denmark | 3.3 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.53 |
| Spain | 5.0 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 0.88 |
| EU | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 0.39 | |
| Italy | 24.3 | 25.6 | 27.4 | 25.6 | 28.5 | 30.0 | 29.7 | 31.5 | 31.4 | 28.2 | 28.5 | 2.65 | |
| Slovenia | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 1.96 |
| United Kingdom | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 0.94 |
Overcrowding rate by tenure status: owner, no outstanding mortgage or housing loan (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.37 |
| Denmark | 2.8 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 1.27 |
| Spain | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 0.59 |
| EU | 20.0 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 18.6 | 18.9 | 1.16 | |
| Italy | 18.9 | 19.8 | 20.2 | 20.5 | 20.9 | 20.7 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 20.6 | 0.75 | |
| Slovenia | 14.1 | 13.2 | 12.1 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 2.20 |
| United Kingdom | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.35 |
Overcrowding rate by tenure status: tenant, rent at reduced price or free (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 6.7 | 5.1 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 16.0 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 18.1 | 10.9 | 8.8 | 5.60 |
| Denmark | 15.2 | 13.7 | 15.9 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 16.1 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 17.6 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 1.39 |
| Spain | 16.8 | 14.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 2.49 |
| EU | 18.8 | 19.3 | 19.4 | 19.7 | 20.0 | 20.4 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 19.8 | 19.6 | 19.5 | 0.46 | |
| Italy | 40.5 | 43.7 | 43.8 | 44.9 | 45.7 | 43.7 | 42.5 | 42.1 | 42.4 | 43.3 | 43.7 | 1.57 | |
| Slovenia | 51.3 | 49.4 | 47.2 | 44.4 | 38.5 | 37.4 | 36.8 | 39.1 | 38.5 | 38.1 | 42.1 | 38.8 | 5.48 |
| United Kingdom | 11.1 | 12.9 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 3.68 |
Overcrowding rate by tenure status: tenant, rent at reduced price or free (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 3.8 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 13.2 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 3.88 |
| Denmark | 18.3 | 14.7 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 2.55 | ||||||||
| Spain | 11.2 | 9.6 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 1.13 |
| EU | 25.0 | 25.1 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 24.9 | 21.5 | 24.2 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 25.0 | 1.18 | |
| Italy | 33.1 | 37.5 | 38.7 | 39.0 | 36.8 | 36.4 | 34.7 | 36.2 | 38.4 | 36.8 | 36.8 | 1.94 | |
| Slovenia | 20.4 | 21.3 | 20.7 | 19.8 | 19.8 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 16.7 | 16.4 | 18.9 | 19.3 | 1.77 |
| United Kingdom | 17.3 | 16.6 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 19.7 | 8.4 | 13.6 | 15.7 | 16.6 | 3.41 |
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (%)
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdev |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 21.6 | 22.2 | 22.0 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 20.4 | 21.1 | 21.1 | 0.930412095 | ||||
| Denmark | 18.6 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 17.5 | 0.598052395 | ||||
| Spain | 28.7 | 28.8 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 26.2 | 27.0 | 27.6 | 27.4 | 1.006810144 | ||||
| European Union | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.3 | 21.8 | 22.8 | 22.9 | 0.967815409 | ||||||
| Italy | 28.4 | 27.8 | 26.0 | 25.7 | 24.6 | 26.5 | 26.0 | 1.565247584 | |||||
| Slovenia | 17.7 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 14.3 | 15.8 | 16.0 | 1.566737587 | ||||
| United Kingdom | 23.1 | 21.9 | 21.8 | 22.8 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 0.64807407 |
Share of population living in a dwelling not comfortably cool during summer time by income
Share of population living in a dwelling not comfortably cool during summer time by income quintile and degree of urbanisation
| Country | total | First quintile | Second quintile | Third quintile | Fourth quintile | Fifth quintile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 12.4 | 19.0 | 14.9 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 9.6 |
| Denmark | 11.3 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 10.7 | 13.2 | 8.2 |
| Spain | 25.6 | 36.7 | 30.7 | 24.6 | 20.2 | 15.7 |
| European Union | 19.1 | 25.1 | 21.1 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 14.4 |
| Italy | 26.0 | 36.9 | 29.2 | 24.7 | 21.4 | 17.7 |
| Slovenia | 17.3 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 14.8 | 12.9 |
| United Kingdom | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 1.9 |
Total population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rot in window frames or floor – EU-SILC survey [ilc_mdho01]
Total population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rot in window frames or floor
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | mean | median | Stdv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 21.2 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 17.5 | 18.2 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 17.9 | 16.7 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 1.47 |
| Denmark | 16.3 | 17.6 | 16.6 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 16.4 | 14.9 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 16.2 | 0.90 |
| Spain | 16.1 | 12.0 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 11.5 | 15.9 | 14.7 | 19.7 | 15.5 | 15.9 | 2.39 |
| EU | 15.6 | 15.1 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 15.4 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 15.2 | 1.02 | |
| Italy | 23.4 | 21.4 | 22.9 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 21.0 | 16.1 | 13.2 | 14.0 | 20.1 | 21.4 | 4.50 | |
| Slovenia | 34.7 | 31.5 | 27.0 | 29.9 | 26.9 | 23.8 | 22.0 | 22.7 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 4.84 |
| United Kingdom | 15.9 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 16.6 | 14.8 | 16.4 | 17.0 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 0.89 |
